5G – RAYmaps

Atmospheric Attenuation

This app calculates atmospheric attenuation and path loss across a wide frequency range from 1 GHz to 1000 GHz, making it a powerful tool for engineers working on microwave, millimeter-wave, and emerging terahertz communication systems. The model incorporates key atmospheric effects such as rain attenuation, water vapor absorption, and oxygen absorption, which significantly impact signal propagation at higher frequencies. Calculations are based on internationally recognized ITU propagation models P-676 and P-838, ensuring accuracy and consistency with industry and research standards. The app provides quick and reliable estimates that help users evaluate link performance, design wireless systems, and plan high-frequency communication […]

Wireless Book

About this book This textbook covers fundamental topics in Telecommunication including Channel Modeling, Modulation/Demodulation, Channel Coding/Decoding, Multicarrier, Capacity, Antenna Arrays, Diversity, and 4G/5G. It will also cover advanced topics such as High-Resolution Spectral Estimation, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, Index Modulation, Full-Duplex, and Millimeter Wave. This book will mainly target engineering students (both graduate and advanced undergraduate) who are new to the fields of Communication and Signal Processing and are struggling to understand the fundamental concepts. This book will help the students step by step by introducing the concepts first in their most basic form and then providing the code that the students can […]

March 16, 2022December 9, 20245G, Capacity, Fundamentals

5G Data Rates and Shannon Capacity

Recently I came across a post from T-Mobile in which they claim to have achieved a download speed of 5.6 Gbps over a 100 MHz channel resulting in a Spectral Efficiency of more than 50 bps/Hz. This was achieved in an MU-MIMO configuration with eight connected devices having an aggregate of 16 parallel streams i.e. two parallel streams per device. The channel used for this experiment was the mid-band frequency of 2.5 GHz.

March 9, 2022December 9, 20245G, Capacity, Fundamentals

5G Rollout in the USA: Long Way to Go

There is a 3 way race for 5G leadership in the US between T-Mobile(+Sprint), Verizon and AT&T. There are competing claims for the number of 5G subscribers, coverage area and download speeds. But let us look where the 5G industry stands today compared to the expectations a few years back. More than 80% of US population lives in urban areas which comprise of 2% of the total land area of about 10 million squared kilometers. That is 80% of the population lives in an area of about 200,000 squared kilometers.

December 22, 2021December 9, 20245G, 6G

5G Millimeter Waves: Are They Really Harmful

There has been a continuous debate about harmful effects of Electromagnetic Radiations ever since they came into existence. Most of the research results suggest that there are no harmful effects, if the rules and regulations are followed. But there is a small body of research that suggests that there might be some harmful effects and more research needs to be carried out. This is particularly important now as 5G Wireless Technology is being rolled out around the world and it uses millimeter waves for which we have limited data.

November 20, 2021June 3, 20225G, BER Performance, Channel Coding, Simulation

Low Density Parity Check Codes

LDPC codes were first proposed by Robert Gallager in 1960 but they did not get immediate recognition as they were quite cumbersome to code and decode. But in 1995 the interest in these codes was revived, after discovery of Turbo Codes. Both these codes achieve the Shannon Limit and have been adopted in many wireless communication systems including 5G.

September 1, 2019June 4, 20225G, Fundamentals

Beyond Massive MIMO

Massive MIMO is no longer a theoretical concept and it is already being adopted in the industry. So we now need to look beyond Massive MIMO or MaMIMO as it is popularly referred to.

Udemy Course

Introduction to Wireless Communications • In this course you will learn the basic principles of wireless communications from 1G to 5G and beyond. You will learn about frequency reuse, capacity, channel coding, modulation and demodulation, OFDM, MIMO, and a host of other topics. • This course is for you if you are a student and have just started learning about wireless communications or if you are a guy in the field who wants to get a better handle on the fundamental concepts of wireless communications. Here is the link to the course.